# SS-31

Canonical source: https://retacompare.com/encyclopedia/ss-31

Selectively binds inner-mitochondrial cardiolipin, stabilizes electron transport chain super-complexes, reduces ROS, restores ATP production.

Reference facts

Also known asElamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131CategoryMitochondrial & Cellular LongevityMechanism of actionSelectively binds inner-mitochondrial cardiolipin, stabilizes electron transport chain super-complexes, reduces ROS, restores ATP production.TargetsCardiolipin (inner mitochondrial membrane)Indications under research or approvedPrimary mitochondrial myopathy, Barth syndrome, Heart failure (clinical trials)Regulatory status (reference entry)Investigational (FDA CRL 2020 for PMM; ongoing reformulation)Half-life~3 hours (subcutaneous)Sequence notesTetrapeptide D-Arg-2',6'-dimethyltyrosine-Lys-Phe-NH2. The non-natural Dmt residue and D-Arg confer cardiolipin selectivity.Molecular weight (Da)640Originator / sponsorStealth BioTherapeuticsFirst reported2004OriginDesigned by Hazel Szeto at Cornell as part of the SS (Szeto-Schiller) peptide series.
    Primary References

Szeto, Br J Pharmacol 2014 (SS peptides review)


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    This is an educational reference, not medical advice. Research findings do not establish safety or efficacy for self-administration. Consult the primary sources for study populations, limitations, and current regulatory status.

## Sources

- Szeto, Br J Pharmacol 2014 (SS peptides review): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24251859/