SS-31 Research: What 451 Studies Show (2026) | RetatrutideCompare

SS-31 — 451 studies indexed on PubMed. Selectively binds inner-mitochondrial cardiolipin, stabilizes electron transport chain super-complexes, reduces ROS, restores ATP production. Half-life: ~3 hours (subcutaneous). FDA status: Investigational (FDA CRL 2020 for PMM; ongoing reformulation).

PubMed search-result count last fetched 2026-06-18. Records may include reviews, laboratory work, and animal studies; this is not a clinical trial count or a measure of efficacy.

Inspect the PubMed query and results

How many studies have been published on SS-31?

There are approximately 451 studies indexed on PubMed that mention SS-31 (Elamipretide, Bendavia), based on a search last updated 2026-06-18.

Is SS-31 FDA-approved?

FDA status: Investigational (FDA CRL 2020 for PMM; ongoing reformulation).

How does SS-31 work?

Selectively binds inner-mitochondrial cardiolipin, stabilizes electron transport chain super-complexes, reduces ROS, restores ATP production.

Selectively binds inner-mitochondrial cardiolipin, stabilizes electron transport chain super-complexes, reduces ROS, restores ATP production.

Reference facts

Also known as
Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131
Category
Mitochondrial & Cellular Longevity
Mechanism of action
Selectively binds inner-mitochondrial cardiolipin, stabilizes electron transport chain super-complexes, reduces ROS, restores ATP production.
Targets
Cardiolipin (inner mitochondrial membrane)
Indications under research or approved
Primary mitochondrial myopathy, Barth syndrome, Heart failure (clinical trials)
Regulatory status (reference entry)
Investigational (FDA CRL 2020 for PMM; ongoing reformulation)
Half-life
~3 hours (subcutaneous)
Sequence notes
Tetrapeptide D-Arg-2',6'-dimethyltyrosine-Lys-Phe-NH2. The non-natural Dmt residue and D-Arg confer cardiolipin selectivity.
Molecular weight (Da)
640
Originator / sponsor
Stealth BioTherapeutics
First reported
2004
Origin
Designed by Hazel Szeto at Cornell as part of the SS (Szeto-Schiller) peptide series.

Primary References

Explore research articles about SS-31

This is an educational reference, not medical advice. Research findings do not establish safety or efficacy for self-administration. Consult the primary sources for study populations, limitations, and current regulatory status.